Explore common well pump problems and how to fix them to ensure your water supply runs smoothly and efficiently.

Top 7 Common Well Pump Problems and How to Fix Them

When your well pump stops working, things can go sideways fast. No water means no showers, no laundry, and no easy way to make coffee or cook dinner. If you’re relying on a private well, a working pump isn’t optional—it’s essential. Fortunately, most well pump issues aren’t rare, and they often follow a few familiar patterns. If you know what to look for, you can address many of them early or at least understand what needs fixing.

Let’s walk through the seven most common well pump problems and how to handle them.

1. No Water? Start With the Basics

If you turn on the tap and nothing comes out, the first instinct might be to assume the worst. But in many cases, the issue is simpler than it seems.

Start by checking the power supply. A tripped breaker, blown fuse, or a disconnected switch can easily cut power to the pump. Next, inspect the pressure switch near the pressure tank. If it’s corroded, dirty, or stuck, the pump may not be receiving the signal to turn on.

It’s a basic step, but often overlooked. And yes, sometimes it really is just a breaker.

Still not getting water after checking power and the pressure switch? It might be time to call in professional well pump services to take a closer look before the issue gets worse.

2. Short Cycling: When the Pump Keeps Starting and Stopping

A pump that turns on and off every few seconds is short cycling, and that’s a sign of trouble.

This often points to an issue with the pressure tank. If the tank is waterlogged or the air bladder inside has failed, it can’t maintain proper pressure, causing the pump to cycle too frequently. Another possibility is a small leak somewhere in the plumbing that’s causing a constant pressure drop.

This isn’t just annoying—it wears out the pump quickly. If you hear frequent clicking, inspect the pressure tank first. Draining and recharging it may help, but if the bladder is damaged, a replacement is likely needed.

3. Pump Runs Constantly Without Shutting Off

If the pump seems like it’s running all the time, that’s not normal, and it’s not good for your electric bill either.

Possible causes include a significant leak in the system, a problem with the check valve allowing water to flow backward, or the well running low and the pump struggling to keep up. In some cases, the pressure switch may also be malfunctioning and not signaling the pump to shut off.

Running continuously puts a lot of strain on the pump motor and can lead to early failure. If this is happening, have the system inspected before the damage becomes more costly.

4. Weak or Low Water Pressure

Poor water pressure can affect everything from showers to washing machines. It’s a common issue, and like many others, it has several potential causes.

A clogged sediment filter, restricted pipes, or a partially closed shut-off valve are common culprits. In some cases, the pressure switch settings may need adjustment, or the pump itself may be wearing out. Low pressure can also indicate that the water table is lower than usual, especially during dry spells or high-demand seasons.

It’s worth checking the pressure tank and filters first. If those are fine, a professional flow test may be the next step.

5. Discolored or Dirty Water

If water coming from your tap looks brown, cloudy, or rusty, it’s a warning sign. This often means the pump is pulling sediment from the bottom of the well.

Possible reasons include a pump installed too low, a damaged well casing, or a sudden change in the water table. In some areas, high levels of iron or manganese can also cause staining or unpleasant odors.

Discoloration should be taken seriously. It’s not just about appearance—it could signal a mechanical or structural issue with the well or pump. Water testing and a visual inspection of the well are recommended if the problem continues.

Discolored water could also raise health concerns, especially if you’re using the well for drinking water. The CDC provides guidance on how to test and treat private wells for safety.

6. Strange Noises from the Pump

Grinding, rattling, or buzzing sounds from your pump are worth paying attention to. Pumps aren’t silent, but they shouldn’t sound like they’re under stress.

Grinding or screeching could indicate worn bearings or impellers. Buzzing with no water output might mean a failed start capacitor or electrical fault. In some systems, sudden loud bangs (known as water hammer) are caused by rapid valve closures creating shock waves in the plumbing.

Unusual sounds usually mean something is wearing out or out of alignment. If caught early, the fix might be minor. If ignored, the damage can escalate quickly.

7. Pump Loses Prime

Jet pumps, often found in shallow well systems, need to maintain a prime (a sealed column of water) to function properly. If they lose that prime, they stop moving water entirely.

Leaks in suction pipes, a failing foot valve, or air leaks in fittings can all cause the pump to lose prime. Once priming becomes a regular chore, it’s time to repair the seal or replace the damaged parts.

In some cases, switching to a submersible pump may be a better long-term solution, especially for deeper wells or older systems.

A Few Final Thoughts

Well pump problems can go from minor to major pretty quickly. Most of the time, early signs like odd noises, inconsistent pressure, or unusual cycling are clues worth noticing. Addressing small issues now can prevent expensive breakdowns later.

If you’re comfortable doing some basic troubleshooting, things like checking the breaker, cleaning a filter, or draining a pressure tank are manageable. But for anything involving electrical components, digging into the well, or major replacements, it’s best to bring in a professional.

A reliable water supply isn’t just a convenience—it’s a necessity. Paying attention to how your well system behaves, especially when it changes, is the best way to keep everything running smoothly.

And if your pump is old or showing signs of wear, it might be time to start thinking about a more permanent upgrade.